컴퓨터 프로세서 및 용도 – 중앙 처리 장치(CPU)

컴퓨터는 다중 산술 및 논리 연산을 수행할 수 있는 전자 기계입니다. 모든 고급 기능을 수행하기 위해 컴퓨터는 사용자가 수행하는 모든 복잡한 기능을 처리할 수 있는 처리 장치의 강도가 필요합니다. 따라서 새 컴퓨터 시스템을 구입하려고 하고 어떤 중앙 처리 장치가 장치에 적합할지 궁금하다면 CPU에 대해 읽어보고 CPU의 용도는 무엇인지 읽어볼 것을 권장합니다.

CPU(중앙 처리 장치)란 무엇인가요?

프로세서, 중앙 프로세서 또는 마이크로프로세서라고도 하는 CPU는 컴퓨터의 주 프로세서입니다. 컴퓨터 CPU의 책임은 하드웨어와 소프트웨어 간의 명령을 원활하게 실행하여 문제 없이 작동할 수 있도록 하는 것입니다. 계산 수행, 프로그램 실행 및 여러 활동 처리와 같은 모든 중요한 기능이 CPU에서 관리되기 때문에 컴퓨터 시스템의 두뇌라고도 합니다.

프로세서는 마더보드에 저장된 호환 CPU 소켓에 배치 및 고정됩니다. 열은 프로세서에서 생성되므로 열 방출을 보호하기 위해 방열판으로 덮여 있습니다. CPU 칩은 소켓에 쉽게 보관할 수 있도록 직사각형입니다. 칩의 바닥에는 소켓의 각 해당 구멍에 연결되는 수백 개의 커넥터 핀이 있습니다.

오늘날 모든 CPU는 디자인과 기능면에서 매우 유사합니다. 그러나 인텔과 AMD는 마더보드에 저장할 수 있는 더 큰 칩을 가지고 있습니다. 또한 마더보드에는 다양한 소켓이 있으며 각 소켓에는 서로 다른 레이아웃이 있고 프로세서를 저장하는 특정 기능이 있습니다.

CPU 구성요소

최초의 컴퓨터 프로세서는 1970년대에 인텔 디자이너인 Ted Hoff에 의해 소개되었습니다. 첫 번째 프로세서는 인텔에서 4004라고 불렀습니다. 주로 컴퓨터 프로세서는 다음과 같은 다양한 구성 요소로 구성됩니다. –

메모리 또는 저장 장치
제어 장치
ALU(산술 논리 단위)

컴퓨터 프로세서 및 용도 – 중앙 처리 장치(CPU)

산술 논리 단위(ALU)

산술 논리 장치는 수학적 기능, 논리를 수행하고 의사 결정 과정을 돕습니다. 이 단위는 두 개의 하위 섹션 즉,

산술 섹션: 산술 섹션의 기능은 더하기, 빼기, 곱하기 및 나누기와 같은 산술 연산을 수행하는 것입니다. 모든 복잡한 작업은 위의 작업을 반복적으로 사용하여 수행됩니다.
논리 섹션: 논리 섹션의 기능은 데이터 비교, 선택, 일치 및 병합과 같은 논리 작업을 수행하는 것입니다.

컨트롤 유닛(CU)

제어 장치는 메모리에서 명령을 추출하고 해독하고 실행하며 필요할 때 ALU를 호출합니다.

이 장치의 기능은 −

컴퓨터의 다른 장치 간에 데이터 및 명령의 전송을 제어합니다.
컴퓨터의 모든 장치를 관리하고 조정합니다.
메모리에서 명령을 받아 해석하고 컴퓨터의 작동을 지시합니다.
데이터나 저장 결과의 전송을 위해 입/출력 장치와 통신합니다.
데이터를 처리하거나 저장하지 않습니다.

메모리 또는 저장 장치

이 장치는 명령, 데이터 및 중간 결과를 저장할 수 있습니다. 이 장치는 필요할 때 컴퓨터의 다른 장치에 정보를 제공합니다. 내부 저장 장치 또는 메인 메모리 또는 기본 스토리지 또는 RAM(Random Access Memory)이라고도 합니다.

그 크기는 속도, 힘 및 기능에 영향을 미칩니다. 기본 메모리와 보조 메모리는 컴퓨터의 두 가지 유형의 메모리입니다. 메모리 유닛의 기능은 −

처리에 필요한 모든 데이터와 지침을 저장합니다.
중간 처리 결과를 저장합니다.
이러한 결과가 출력 장치로 릴리스되기 전에 처리의 최종 결과를 저장합니다.
모든 입력과 출력은 메인 메모리를 통해 전송됩니다.

CPU의 역사

시간이 지나면서 중앙 처리 장치의 속도와 성능은 극적으로 발전했습니다. 1971년 11월 15일에 출시된 Intel 4004에 의해 소개된 최초의 CPU는 2,300개의 트랜지스터를 가지고 있으며 초당 60,000개의 작업을 수행했습니다. 그리고 최신 인텔 플래티넘은 현재 3,300,000개의 트랜지스터를 제공하고 초당 약 1억 8800만 명령을 수행합니다. 두 CPU 장치의 성능과 속도 차이를 쉽게 비교할 수 있습니다.

CPU의 창시자는 누구입니까?

첫 번째 CPU 1971년에 Intel에서 출시한 Intel 4004입니다. Federico Faggin은 최초의 상용 CPU의 수석 설계자였습니다. . 그는 CPU를 발명한 주요 인물 중 한 명입니다.

Source:Computerhope

What Are the Main Functions of a CPU?

There is no doubt that the performance of the CPU has improved dramatically in the past few years, but the basic functionality of the CPU remains the same. The uses of the CPU revolve around the same three functions for which they have been earlier created. The basic functions of the CPU are –

Fetching

It is clear to understand that the main use of the central processing unit is to receive instructions. The instructions are received in the series of numbers that are transferred from CPUs to the RAMs. Each part of the information is divided into small units, that’s why the CPU needs to know which information is coming next. The instructions are located at the program counter. But, as the instructions move, then they are replaced in an Instruction Register (IR) so that the program counter can store the next set of instructions.

Decode

Once the instructions are stored in the instruction register, the CPU transfer instructions to the circuit called instructor decode. In this circuit, instructions are converted into signals which can be easily understood by the other part of the computer. This is a very important use of the CPU because if other parts of the computer don’t understand the instructions given to them, then they won’t be able to perform the functions for which they are designed. It is similar to the function of the brain when the brain provides a signal to other body parts to perform their duty.

Execute

Now, the last important use of the CPU is to execute the instructions which are earlier fetch and decoded by the processor. This will instruct other computer parts to perform their designated functions. The results are usually written to a CPU register, where they can be referenced by later instructions. Think of it as the memory function on your calculator. This means that the executed instructions are later stored in the memory of the central processing unit so that the next instruction can work according to the previous instruction as we already have discussed that instructions are divided into a small number of series.

Store

The CPU must give feedback after executing an instruction, and the output data is written to the memory.

The uses of the CPU are very clear and simple to understand, it is the responsibility of the CPU to fetch instructions from the user, decode the instructions into the signals which can be understood by other parts of the computer and make sure that the function is executed in the right manner. CPU also must make sure that the next instructions are relevant to the instruction which are already under the process.

What are the different types of CPU?

There are two primary manufacturers of computer microprocessors. Intel and Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) lead the market in terms of speed and quality. Intel’s desktop CPUs include Celeron, Pentium and Core. AMD’s desktop processors include Sempron, Athlon and Phenom. Read Which processor is best Intel’s Core i7 vs AMD’s Ryzen? (choose the Right processor for Desktop/Laptop)

So, CPU is indeed one of the main processors of the computer as the functioning of the other processor depends upon it.

Also read:

Which Intel processor is Best for You? Intel Core i5, i7 or i9 explained
Difference Between CPU (Central Processing Unit) and RAM (Random Access Memory)
What is the Difference Between 32-Bit and 64-Bit Windows 10 and Processor (CPU)
SSD vs HDD Speed and Performance Comparison
Integrated vs Dedicated Graphics Card Which to Use and Why?
Complete Laptop Buying Guide 2020 – Specifications of a Good Laptop

정적 RAM과 동적 RAM의 차이점, 어느 것이 더 빠릅니까? 2022년 AMD의 Ryzen과 Intel의 Core i7 중 어떤 프로세서가 가장 좋습니까? (데스크톱/노트북에 적합한 프로세서 선택)

연도	컴퓨터 프로세서 도입
1823	남작 Jons Jackob Berzelius가 오늘날 프로세서의 기본 구성 요소인 실리콘(Si)을 발견했습니다.
1903	Nikola Tesla는 1903년에 '게이트' 또는 '스위치'라고 하는 전기 논리 회로에 대한 특허를 받았습니다.
1947	John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley invent the first transistor at the Bell Laboratories on December 23, 1947.
1948	John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley patent the first transistor in 1948.
1956	John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley were awarded the Nobel Prize in physics for their work on the transistor.
1958	The first integrated circuit was first developed by Robert Noyce of Fairchild Semiconductor and Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments. The first IC was demonstrated on September 12, 1958.
1960	IBM developed the first automatic mass-production facility for transistors in New York in 1960.
1968	Intel Corporation was founded by Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore in 1968.
1969	AMD (Advanced Micro Devices) was founded on May 1, 1969.
1971	Intel with the help of Ted Hoff introduced the first microprocessor, the Intel 4004 on November 15, 1971. The 4004 had 2,300 transistors, performed 60,000 OPS (operations per second), addressed 640 bytes of memory, and cost $200.00.
1972	Intel introduced the 8008 processor on April 1, 1972.
1974	Intel’s improved microprocessor chip was introduced on April 1, 1974; the 8080 became a standard in the computer industry.
1976	Intel introduced the 8085 processor in March 1976.
1976	The Intel 8086 was introduced on June 8, 1976.
1979	The Intel 8088 was released on June 1, 1979.
1979	The Motorola 68000, a 16/32-bit processor was released and was later chosen as the processor for the Apple Macintosh and Amiga computers.
1982	The Intel 80286 was introduced on February 1, 1982.
1985	Intel introduced the first 80386 in October 1985.
1987	The SPARC processor was first introduced by Sun.
1988	Intel 80386SX was introduced in 1988.
1991	AMD introduced the AM386 microprocessor family in March 1991.
1991	Intel introduced the Intel 486SX chip in April in efforts to help bring a lower-cost processor to the PC market selling for $258.00.
1992	Intel released the 486DX2 chip on March 2, 1992, with a clock doubling ability that generates higher operating speeds.
1993	Intel released the Pentium processor on March 22, 1993. The processor was a 60 MHz processor, incorporates 3.1 million transistors and sells for $878.00.
1994	Intel released the second generation of Intel Pentium processors on March 7, 1994.
1995	Intel introduced the Intel Pentium Pro in November 1995.
1996	Intel announced the availability of the Pentium 150 MHz with 60 MHz bus and 166 MHz with 66 MHz bus on January 4, 1996.
1996	AMD introduced the K5 processor on March 27, 1996, with speeds of 75 MHz to 133 MHz and bus speeds of 50 MHz, 60 MHz, or 66 MHz. The K5 was the first processor developed completely in-house by AMD.
1997	AMD released their K6 processor line in April 1997, with speeds of 166 MHz to 300 MHz and a 66 MHz bus speed.
1997	Intel Pentium II was introduced on May 7, 1997.
1998	AMD introduced their new K6-2 processor line on May 28, 1998, with speeds of 266 MHz to 550 MHz and bus speeds of 66 MHz to 100 MHz. The K6-2 processor was an enhanced version of AMD’s K6 processor.
1998	Intel released the first Xeon processor, the Pentium II Xeon 400 (512 K or 1 M cache, 400 MHz, 100 MHz FSB) in June 1998.
1999	Intel released the Celeron 366 MHz and 400 MHz processors on January 4, 1999.
1999	AMD released its K6-III processors on February 22, 1999, with speeds of 400 MHz or 450 MHz and bus speeds of 66 MHz to 100 MHz. It also featured an on-die L2 cache.
1999	The Intel Pentium III 500 MHz was released on February 26, 1999.
1999	The Intel Pentium III 550 MHz was released on May 17, 1999.
1999	AMD introduced the Athlon processor series on June 23, 1999. The Athlon would be produced for the next six years in speeds ranging from 500 MHz up to 2.33 GHz.
1999	The Intel Pentium III 600 MHz was released on August 2, 1999.
1999	The Intel Pentium III 533B and 600B MHz was released on September 27, 1999.
1999	The Intel Pentium III Coppermine series was first introduced on October 25, 1999.
2000	On January 5, 2000, AMD released the 800 MHz Athlon processor.
2000	Intel released the Celeron 533 MHz with a 66 MHz bus processor on January 4, 2000.
2000	AMD first released the Duron processor on June 19, 2000, with speeds of 600 MHz to 1.8 GHz and bus speeds of 200 MHz to 266 MHz. The Duron was built on the same K7 architecture as the Athlon processor.
2000	Intel announces on August 28th that it will recall its 1.3 GHz Pentium III processors due to a glitch. Users with these processors should contact their vendors for additional information about the recall.
2001	On January 3, 2001, Intel released the 800 MHz Celeron processor with a 100 MHz bus.
2001	On January 3, 2001, Intel released the 1.3 GHz Pentium 4 processor.
2001	AMD announced a new branding scheme on October 9, 2001. Instead of identifying processors by their clock speed, the AMD Athlon XP processors will bear monikers of 1500+, 1600+, 1700+, 1800+, 1900+, 2000+, etc. Each higher model number will represent a higher clock speed.
2002	Intel released the Celeron 1.3 GHz with a 100 MHz bus and 256 kB of level 2 cache.
2003	Intel Pentium M was introduced in March 2003.
2003	AMD released the first single-core Opteron processors, with speeds of 1.4 GHz to 2.4 GHz and 1024 KB L2 cache, on April 22, 2003.
2003	AMD released the first Athlon 64 processors, the 3200+, and the first Athlon 64 FX processor, the FX-51, on September 23, 2003.
2004	AMD released the first Sempron processor on July 28, 2004, with a 1.5 GHz to 2.0 GHz clock speed and 166 MHz bus speed.
2005	AMD released their first dual-core processor, the Athlon 64 X2 3800+ (2.0 GHz, 512 KB L2 cache per core), on April 21, 2005.
2006	Intel released the Core 2 Duo processor E6320 (4 M cache, 1.86 GHz, 1066 MHz FSB) on April 22, 2006.
2006	Intel introduced the Intel Core 2 Duo processors with the Core 2 Duo processor E6300 (2 M cache, 1.86 GHz, 1066 MHz FSB) on July 27, 2006.
2006	Intel introduced the Intel Core 2 Duo processor for the laptop computer with the Core 2 Duo processor T5500, as well as other Core 2 Duo T series processors, in August 2006.
2007	Intel released the Core 2 Quad processor Q6600 (8 M cache, 2.40 GHz, 1066 MHz FSB) in January 2007.
2007	Intel released the Core 2 Duo processor E4300 (2 M cache, 1.80 GHz, 800 MHz FSB) on January 21, 2007.
2007	Intel released the Core 2 Quad processor Q6700 (8 M cache, 2.67 GHz, 1066 MHz FSB) in April 2007.
2007	Intel released the Core 2 Duo processor E4400 (2 M cache, 2.00 GHz, 800 MHz FSB) on April 22, 2007.
2007	AMD renamed the Athlon 64 X2 processor line to Athlon X2 and released the first in that line, the Brisbane series (1.9 to 2.6 GHz, 512 KB L2 cache) on June 1, 2007.
2007	Intel released the Core 2 Duo processor E4500 (2 M cache, 2.20 GHz, 800 MHz FSB) on July 22, 2007.
2007	Intel released the Core 2 Duo processor E4600 (2 M cache, 2.40 GHz, 800 MHz FSB) on October 21, 2007.
2007	AMD released the first Phenom X4 processors (2 M cache, 1.8 GHz to 2.6 GHz, 1066 MHz FSB) on November 19, 2007.
2008	Intel released the Core 2 Quad processor Q9300 and the Core 2 Quad processor Q9450 in March 2008.
2008	Intel released the Core 2 Duo processor E4700 (2 M cache, 2.60 GHz, 800 MHz FSB) on March 2, 2008.
2008	AMD released the first Phenom X3 processors (2 M cache, 2.1 GHz to 2.5 GHz, 1066 MHz FSB) on March 27, 2008.
2008	Intel released the first of the Intel Atom series of processors, the Z5xx series, in April 2008. They are single-core processors with a 200 MHz GPU.
2008	Intel released the Core 2 Duo processor E7200 (3 M cache, 2.53 GHz, 1066 MHz FSB) on April 20, 2008.
2008	Intel released the Core 2 Duo processor E7300 (3 M cache, 2.66 GHz, 1066 MHz FSB) on August 10, 2008.
2008	Intel released several Core 2 Quad processors in August 2008:the Q8200, the Q9400, and the Q9650.
2008	Intel released the Core 2 Duo processor E7400 (3 M cache, 2.80 GHz, 1066 MHz FSB) on October 19, 2008.
2008	Intel released the first Core i7 desktop processors in November 2008:the i7-920, the i7-940, and the i7-965 Extreme Edition.
2009	AMD released the first Phenom II X4 (quad-core) processors (6 M cache, 2.5 to 3.7 GHz, 1066 MHz or 1333 MHz FSB) on January 8, 2009.
2009	Intel released the Core 2 Duo processor E7500 (3 M cache, 2.93 GHz, 1066 MHz FSB) on January 18, 2009.
2009	AMD released the first Phenom II X3 (triple core) processors (6 M cache, 2.5 to 3.0 GHz, 1066 MHz or 1333 MHz FSB) on February 9, 2009.
2009	Intel released the Core 2 Quad processor Q8400 (4 M cache, 2.67 GHz, 1333 MHz FSB) in April 2009.
2009	Intel released the Core 2 Duo processor E7600 (3 M cache, 3.06 GHz, 1066 MHz FSB) on May 31, 2009.
2009	AMD released the first Athlon II X2 (dual-core) processors (1024KB L2 cache, 1.6 to 3.5 GHz, 1066 MHz or 1333 MHz FSB) in June 2009.
2009	AMD released the first Phenom II X2 (dual-core) processors (6 M cache, 3.0 to 3.5 GHz, 1066 MHz or 1333 MHz FSB) on June 1, 2009.
2009	AMD released the first Athlon II X4 (quad-core) processors (512 KB L2 cache, 2.2 to 3.1 GHz, 1066 MHz or 1333 MHz FSB) in September 2009.
2009	Intel released the first Core i7 mobile processor, the i7-720QM, in September 2009. It uses the Socket G1 socket type, runs at 1.6 GHZ, and features 6 MB L3 cache.
2009	Intel released the first Core i5 desktop processor with four cores, the i5-750 (8 M cache, 2.67 GHz, 1333 MHz FSB), on September 8, 2009.
2009	AMD released the first Athlon II X3 (triple-core) processors in October 2009.
2010	Intel released the Core 2 Quad processor Q9500 (6 M cache, 2.83 GHz, 1333 MHz FSB) in January 2010.
2010	Intel released the first Core i5 mobile processors, the i5-430M and the i5-520E in January 2010.
2010	Intel released the first Core i5 desktop processor over 3.0 GHz, the i5-650 in January 2010.
2010	Intel released the first Core i3 desktop processors, the i3-530, and i3-540 on January 7, 2010.
2010	Intel released the first Core i3 mobile processors, the i3-330M (3 M cache, 2.13 GHz, 1066 MHz FSB) and the i3-350M, on January 7, 2010.
2010	AMD released the first Phenom II X6 (hex/six core) processors on April 27, 2010.
2010	Intel released the first Core i7 desktop processor with six cores, the i3-970, in July 2010. It runs at 3.2 GHz and features 12 MB L3 cache.
2011	Intel released seven new Core i5 processors with four cores, the i5-2xxx series in January 2011.
2011	AMD released the first mobile processors in their A4 line, the A4-3300M and the A4-3310MX on June 14, 2011.
2011	AMD released the first mobile processors in their A6 line, the A6-3400M and the A6-3410MX on June 14, 2011.
2011	AMD released the first mobile processors in their A8 line, the A8-3500M,the A8-3510MX, and the A8-3530MX on June 14, 2011.
2011	AMD released the first desktop processor in their A6 line, the A6-3650 (4 M L2 cache, 2.6 GHz, 1866 MHz FSB) on June 30, 2011.
2011	AMD released the first desktop processor in their A8 line, the A8-3850 (4 M L2 cache, 2.9 GHz, 1866 MHz FSB) on June 30, 2011.
2011	AMD released the first desktop processors in their A4 line, the A4-3300 and the A4-3400 on September 7, 2011.
2012	AMD released the first desktop processors in their A10 line, the A10-5700 and the A10-5800K on October 1, 2012.
2013	AMD released one of their fastest desktop processors to date, the Athlon II X2 280, on January 28, 2013. It has two cores and runs at 3.6 GHz.
2013	Intel released their first processor to utilize the BGA-1364 socket and feature an Iris Pro Graphics 5200 GPU. Released in June 2013, it runs at 3.2 GHz and has 6 MB of L3 cache.
2014	AMD introduced the socket AM1 architecture and compatible processors, like the Sempron 2650, in April 2014.
2014	AMD released their first Pro A series APU processors, the A6 Pro-7050B, A8 Pro-7150B, and A10 Pro-7350B, in June 2014. They feature on or two cores and run at 1.9 GHz to 2.2 GHz.
2017	AMD released their first Ryzen 7 processors, 1700, 1700X, and 1800X models, on March 2, 2017. They have eight cores, run at 3.0 to 3.6 GHz, and feature 16 MB L3 cache.
2017	AMD released their first Ryzen 5 processors, 1400, 1500X, 1600, and 1600X models, on April 11, 2017. They have four to six cores, run at 3.2 to 3.6 GHz, and feature 8 to 16 MB L3 cache.
2017	Intel released the first Core i9 desktop processor, the i9-7900X, in June 2017. It uses the LGA 2066 socket, runs at 3.3 GHZ, has 10 cores, and features 13.75 MB L3 cache.
2017	AMD released their first Ryzen 3 processors, the Pro 1200 and Pro 1300 models, on June 29, 2017. They have four cores, run at 3.1 to 3.5 GHz, and feature 8 MB L3 cache.
2017	Intel released the first desktop processor with 12 cores, the Core i9-7920X, in August 2017. It runs at 2.9 GHZ and features 16.50 MB L3 cache.
2017	AMD released their first processor with 16 cores, the Ryzen Threadripper 1950X, on August 10, 2017. It runs at 3.4 GHz and features 32 MB L3 cache.
2017	Intel released the first desktop processor with 14 cores, the Core i9-7940X, in September 2017. It runs at 3.1 GHZ and features 19.25 MB L3 cache.
2017	Intel released the first desktop processor with 16 cores, the Core i9-7960X, in September 2017. It runs at 2.8 GHZ and features 22 MB L3 cache.
2017	Intel released the first desktop processor with 18 cores, the Core i9-7980X, in September 2017. It runs at 2.6 GHZ and features 24.75 MB L3 cache.
2018	Intel released the first Core i9 mobile processor, the i9-8950HK, in April 2018. It uses the BGA 1440 socket, runs at 2.9 GHZ, has six cores, and features 12 MB L3 cache.